Kiln lining



H. 5. LEE

KILN LINING Nov. 28, 1933.

Filed March 24, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Harry 5. L ee ATTORNEYS.

H. 5. LEE

KILN LI-NING Nov. 28; 1933'.

Filed March 24, 1932 2 sheets-Shae; 2

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS,

Patented Nov. 28, 1933 I e e UNITED STATES-PATENT OFFICE KILN LININGHarry S. Lee, Detroit, Mich. I Application March 24,1932. Serial 1%.600,945

8 laims, (01. 222-4) My invention'relates to cement kilns and has tionsheld in spaced relation to the shellare particular reference toanimproved heat insualignment along the length of the kiln, and in latinglining therefor. some instances around the. circumference also.

An object of the invention is to secure greater This isparticularlydesirable in View of the I efficiency in cement kilnoperation by more effecfact that another object of my invention isthetively and completely insulating the interior of provision of anentirely, novel means ofposition the kiln in which thematerial is burnedfrom ing the insulating material between thebricks the exterior shell.In this way the losses through and the shell, to wit, the pumpingthereof into radiation of the heat transferred to the kiln shell thecontiguous passages described above. I

were substantially reduced and of necessity the Various othermeritorious-features of the inven- 65 consumption of fuel per unit offinished product tion will be apparent from the followingdescriD- fromthekilnis decreased. tion taken in conjunction with the drawings Moreparticularly, an object of the invention wherein like numerals refer tolike parts through .is to provide a lining built up of fire bricks soout the several figures and wherein:

molded that the major portion of the interior Fig. 1 is an end elevationof the kiln. 70 of the kiln shell may be lined with some con- Fig. 2 isa side elevation of the kiln partly ventional type of insulatingmaterial such as kiebroken away and in section, V sel-guhr ordiatomaceous earth. Hitherto it Fig. 3 is an'enlarged elevation similarto Fig. 1,.

, has been customary to provide a ring of solid partly broken away andin section,

fire brick lining at each end of the kiln ofma Fig. 4 is a detail of onetype of improved lining 75 width varying from four to eight feet andthen block, lining approximately the same length of kiln with Fig. 5illustrates a block through which insulat insulating material over whichfire brick blocks, ing material may be injected. V

- .of less depth than that of which the end rings Fig. 6 is a modifiedform of the block illustrated are composed, are positioned. The portions'of inFig. 5, 1

the kiln length thus insulated were alternated Fig.7 is a longitudinalsection illustrating the with rings substantially like the end rings forthe use of the block shown in Fig. 6, purpose of retaining the assemblyproperlypo- Fig. 8 is an elevation, partly in section, ofthe sitionedand the interior of the kiln so lined was, assembly shown in section inFig. '7, V I

*of course, flush throughout its length. However, Fig. 9 illustrates themodified form of block' so lining the kiln provided but a relativelysmall shown'in Fig. 8, a area, insulated other than with the fire brick,Fig. 10 is another modified form, of block. because of the fact that buta relatively small Fig. 11 is an elevation partly in sectionilluslengthof kiln shell could be lined continuously trating the use of'the blockillustratedin Fig. 12,

therein without the interpositioning of a ring of Fig. 12 illustratesanother 'modifled form of 90 plain fire bricks. This limitation to theinsulated block. area resulted from inability to firmly position theFig. '13 is a longitudinal section of the assembly blocks which werelaid over the insulating mateshown in Fig. 11. p rial placed next to thekiln' shell by any means. Referring now to the'drawings, the numeral 10'40 other than the alternating rings of. full depth indicates the shellof the kiln. Figs. 1-5 disclose 95 bricks which were securely positionedbycement a single form of lining which is comprised of adto the kilnshell itself. jacent rings formed of blocks 12 similar to that.

My invention contemplates the provision of inillustrated in Fig. 4.- Itwill be noted that each dividual blocks each including what may be reofthese blocks'includes a foot portion 14 whichgarded as a foot portionadapted to contact is adapted to seat upon the interior ofthekiln theinterior of the kiln shell and a spaced porshell 10 and a cut awayportion 16. The sides of tion for the retention of insulating materialbethe block are each provided with stepped portween the block and thekiln. The contacting tions 18 and 20 which assist in positioning thefoot portion or feet portion in some modified blocks when laid. In eachring one blcckZZ of structures, is relatively small and the major porthetype illustrated in Fig. 5 is included. This tion of that face of thebrick adapted to lie diblock includes the stepped portions .18 and 20butrectly adjacent the kiln shell is spaced from the in lieu of the cutaway portion 16 there is an said shell, thereby permitting insulation ofthe aperture 24 extending from the innerface of the major portion ofeach brick from said shel block through the major depth thereof andopen- These bricks are so constructed that the por-" ing on the side ofthe block at a point positioned 1 0 ing radially into the assembledlining, this operation.

in the same location as is the cut away portion 16 of the blocks 12.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the blocks 22 are circumferentially offset adistance of one block in each succeeding ring.

In the formation of the lining the blocks are all laid as indicated andinsulating material of any desirable type such as the diatomaceous earthabove mentioned is pumped into the apertures 24. Inasmuch as a block 22is positioned along each axial row of lining bricks at regular intervalsthe insulating material pumped into each of the apertures 24 will beforced down into the passageway adjacent the kiln shell 10 andtherealong until it reaches the dead end provided by the next ensuingblock 22. Inasmuch as theforce with which the insulating material may bepumped through the opening 24 is limited it has been found advisable toutilize one block 22 of the type illustrated in Fig. 2 about every tenaxially aligned blocks.

It will thus be apparent that approximately of the kiln shell is linedwith insulating material, inasmuch as this approximate percentage oftheouter surface of .each block is provided with the cut away portion 16into which the insulating material is pumped. Furthermore, each oftheblocks 12 is provided with a foot portion which serves to more firmlyposition it in its proper place and there is no necessity for utilizingalternating rings of solid blocks adhering to the interior surface ofthe shell to position the other blocks which overlie the insulatingmaterial. Each block is positioned and each block is insulated.

In order to insure the complete fillingof the passageways provided bythe cut away portions of the lining bricks, it has been foundadvantageous to pump the insulating material in at one end whileapplying suction to the other end of the passage.

Certain modified forms of blocks analogous to block 12 shown in Fig. 4have also been found to possess certain advantages. These features areillustrated on sheet 2 of the drawings wherein two modified forms ofblocks 26 and 28 have been illustrated in Figs. 9 and 12 respectively.The block 26 includes a pair of oppositely disposed feet 29 and 30adapted to seat against the interior surface of the kiln shell, the cutaway portion 'therebetween providing an arched passageway 32 adapted toreceive the insulating material.

Block 28 is provided with fourlegs 35 adapted to seat upon the interiorof the kiln shell and it will be apparent that these blocks when laidprovide passageways 34 and 36 est-ending in right angled directions. Theform illustrated in Fig. 12, block 28, provides a maximum space adaptedto receive insulating material and it will be apparent that suchmaterial will spread over almost the entire interior surface of the kilnshell when injected from all of the available injection points.

Fig. 6 illustrates a block 38 adapted for us I in conjunction with block12 and is a substitute 'for block 22 when it is desired to suck theinsulating material from one end of the passageway while pumping itthrough the other. The oppositely directed passageways 40 and 42, eachopenpermit Block 44 illustrated in Fig. 10 is utilized in conjunctionwith blocks 26 or 28 and permits both pumping and suckingsimultaneously. In all instances it will be noted that the injectionblocks constitute dead ends which limit the flow of the insulatingmaterial during the pumping and sucking operation. Fig. 11 illustratesan assembly utilizing blocks 28 in conjunction with blocks 44 while Fig.8 illustrates an assembly utilizing blocks 26 in combination with thesame injection and dead end block 44.

While I have illustrated certain preferred forms and described certainpreferred methods of securing this improved insulation of the kiln shellfrom the interior thereof, it is believed that the broad idea ofproviding individual blocks each having a foot portion to assist inpositioning it within the kiln shell and forming a passageway adapted toreceive insulating material injected from the interior of the kiln isnovel and for that reason the invention is to be limited only by thescope of the appended claims.

By reason of the fact that the foot portion of each brick is in contactWith the shell of the kiln sufficient heat passes through the brickandto the shell to' prevent the temperature of the brick becoming so greatthat rapid deterioration thereof results. In fact this heat bye-passthrough each brick, so to speak, lengthens the useful life of the liningbrick materially over that of the brick spaced from the kiln shell byinsulating materiali What I claim is:

1. A lining block including an interior passageway extending from oneend of said block along the major portion of its depth and openingthrough the side faceof said block adjacent the opposite end thereof. 7i

2. A lining block having arcuate end faces and a pamageway extendingfrom one arcuate nd face through the'block and terminating at one. sideadjacent the opposite arcuate'faced end.

3. A kiln block includinga pair ofinteriorpassages extending from oneendof said'block. along the major portion of its depth and' open? ing inopposite directions into' the respective side faces 'offsaid blockadjacent the opposite end thereof.

4. A kiln lining comprising a plurality of series of lining blocks, eachblock having a portion contacting the surface lined and'provided with'contiguous cut away 'portions'forming a passage between the majorportion of the ,block and the surface lined, and a dead block at eachextremity of each of said passage fonning series, each dead block,including an. opening .in the interior face of the block communicatingwith the passage. formed between the blocks and the surface lined. I

5. In a kiln, an outer shell, a liner of heat resisting blocks arrangedin successive tiers over said shell, each tier provided with a pluralityof independent groups of adjacent blocks similarly undercut adjacent tothe shell providing a space extending along said tier underneath eachgroup" of blocks, said groups of blocks separated from each other bypartition blocks located at spaced intervals in the tier, and apassageway extend ingthrough each partition block from its outer surfaceto the space adjacent said undercut blocks. 7 v

6. In a kiln, an outer shell, a liner of blocks arrangedin successivetiers over the surface of the shell, certain adjacent, blocksin eachtier being undercut providing a space between the said blocks and theshell, apaitition block in each tier separating adjacent groups ofunder-.

cut blocks and the spaces there underneath from spaces to the theseveral blocks in each group, each block in the group having an endportion resting upon the shell and arranged underneath a portion of anadjacent block, insulating material filling the space underneath eachgroup of blocks, blocks separating the groups of undercut blocks fromeach other, said separating blocks provided with passageways extendingtherethrough from the outer surface thereof to the spaces underneath anadjacent group of blocks.

HARRY S. LEE.

